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Throughout               The               University               of               the               South's               history               there               have               been               several               attempts               to               create               a               coeducational               environment               on               the               Domain.

Sewanee               was               a               Southern               all-male               Episcopal               elite               college               steeped               in               tradition.

Most               changes               only               occurred               gradually               over               time.

Though               many               of               The               University               of               the               South's               leaders               pursued               the               admittance               of               women               to               the               college,               these               plans               were               neglected               or               pushed               aside               for               other               important               issues               until               the               late               1960s.

Certain               administrators               of               the               University               attempted               to               admit               undergraduate               women               in               the               1890's,               from               1912               to               1915,               in               1951,               and               in               1967               but               were               met               with               opposition               (Williamson               329).

The               most               important               advancements               in               women               attending               The               University               of               the               South               occurred               under               the               Vice-Chancellorships               of               Benjamin               Lawton               Wiggins               (1893-1909)               and               Edward               McCrady               (1951-1971).

A               prominent               member               of               the               early               cause               to               bring               women               to               Sewanee               was               Vice-Chancellor               Wiggins.

Vice-Chancellor               Wiggins               "tested               the               possibility"               to               make               "Sewanee               a               coeducational               institution"               or               to               create               a               separate               women's               college               in               the               early               1900's               (Williamson               66).

Wiggins               had               a               progressive               view               of               the               college's               future               that               included               the               arrival               of               undergraduate               women               students.

Wiggins               attempted               to               "admit               women"               to               the               college               on               several               occasions               but               was               stopped               by               the               trustees               each               time               (Williamson               127).

At               the               time,               Vice-Chancellor               Wiggins               did               not               have               enough               support               from               faculty,               students,               and               alumni               to               bring               women               to               the               University               of               the               South.
               During               Vice-Chancellor               Wiggin's,               time               at               the               University               of               the               South               the               college               lacked               applicants               and               student               enrollment               decreased               (Williamson               74).

The               administration               decided               to               modernize               the               campus               instead               of               allowing               women               to               attend               the               college               to               raise               enrollment               levels.

The               administration               believed               that               modernizing               the               campus               would               make               Sewanee               more               appealing               to               male               prospective               students.

In               the               1890's               Sewanee               attempted               to               organize               a               "coeducational               arrangement"               to               aid               in               the               decreased               levels               of               enrollment               (Williamson               75).

In               1896               the               creation               of               a               committee               to               start               the               "coordinate               women's               college"               in               Sewanee               was               set               in               motion               at               a               trustee's               meeting               (Williamson               75).

Vice-Chancellor               Wiggins               supported               admitting               women               to               receive               "advanced               degrees"               at               the               University               in               1899,               but               no               action               was               taken               to               enable               this               plan               (Williamson               75).

There               was               not               enough               initiative               within               the               committee               members               or               trustees               to               follow               through               with               the               creation               of               graduate               degrees               for               women.

Though               women               would               be               able               to               obtain               graduate               degrees               with               Wiggins'               plan,               there               was               not               sufficient               support               to               enact               the               admittance               of               women               to               the               college.
               Finally               the               University               of               the               South               granted               honorary               degrees               to               women               beginning               in               1907               after               Vice-Chancellor               Wiggins               convinced               the               trustees               to               do               so.

Laura               Drake               Gill,               dean               of               Barnard               College,               received               The               University               of               the               South's               first               honorary               degree               awarded               to               a               woman               in               1907               (Williamson               127).

Gill               was               an               important               woman               in               the               history               of               Sewanee.

Gill               presented               the               achievable               plan               to               bring               women               students               to               the               Cumberland               Plateau               by               way               of               a               separate               woman's               college               in               Sewanee.

Other               women               followed               and               received               honorary               degrees               from               The               University               of               the               South.
               In               the               early               20th               century               the               University               planned               the               addition               of               a               women's               college               in               Sewanee               as               a               way               to               integrate               undergraduate               women               students               to               the               mountain.

Laura               Drake               Gill               approached               the               University               of               the               South               in               1911               and               proposed               the               creation               of               a               separate               college               for               women               associated               with               Sewanee               (Williamson               127).

The               trustees               entertained               the               idea               to               research               this               plan               and               ultimately               created               the               plan               to               build               the               "College               for               Women               at               Sewanee,               Tennessee"               (Williamson               128).

The               state               of               Tennessee               had               chartered               the               College               for               Women               at               Sewanee,               Tennessee               to               be               built               on               the               Domain               but               set               apart               from               The               University               of               the               South               (Williamson               128).

The               University               trustees               developed               regulations               and               plans               for               the               new               women's               college.

The               University               of               the               South               would               grant               degrees               to               women               who               graduated               from               The               College               for               Women               at               Sewanee               (Williamson               128).

It               was               important               to               Sewanee               that               the               college               for               Women               would               stay               affiliated               with               the               Episcopal               Church.

The               trustees               agreed               the               College               for               Women               would               have               an               Episcopal               chaplain               but               accept               worship               services               of               any               religious               denomination               (Williamson               128).

The               College               for               Women               at               Sewanee               was               never               realized               due               to               financial               difficulties               (Williamson               129).
               Though               women               were               not               permitted               to               earn               degrees               at               The               University               of               the               South               community               members               organized               several               groups               to               improve               the               college               and               town.

In               1903               The               Fortnightly               Club               was               established               for               the               wives               of               the               University               professors               (Willis,               Dec.

3               2008).

It               was               an               elite               and               exclusive               club               of               25               women               who               lived               in               the               community.

The               professor's               wives               created               the               club               to               educate               their               minds               and               provide               a               social               opportunity               to               influence               the               Sewanee               community               (Willis,               Dec.

3               2008).

The               club               would               meet               in               a               formal               setting               of               an               elegant               tea               to               discuss               papers               and               projects               they               had               written               on               a               designated               topic.

The               club               seemed               to               be               a               secret               women's               society               in               Sewanee               that               upheld               the               same               tradition               and               academic               standards               as               the               University               itself.

The               Fortnightly               club               is               still               in               existence               today               and               they               continue               to               hold               social               and               community               service               functions               (Willis,               Dec.

3               2008).

In               1908               women               in               the               Sewanee               community               created               the               "Sewanee               Civic               League"               (Williamson               245).

The               Sewanee               Civic               League               was               the               "first               community               civic               club"               in               the               town.

These               women               were               very               active               and               completed               many               projects               that               still               affect               the               University               in               the               21st               century.

The               Sewanee               Civic               League               drew               the               blueprints               for               the               University's               "stone               gates               on               the               highway",               repaired               various               stone               walls,               created               green               spaces               on               campus,               as               well               as               raised               money               for               the               University.

The               Sewanee               Women's               club               formed               in               1930               to               "promote               study               and               discussion               groups               and               to               work               together               for               the               welfare               of               the               community"               (Williamson               246).

The               Sewanee               women's               club               also               made               many               contributions               to               the               community               as               well               as               enact               plans               that               the               Sewanee               Civic               League               had               started.

Women               may               not               have               been               earning               degrees               but               they               were               making               a               difference               to               the               college               in               other               ways.
               In               the               1940's               under               Vice-Chancellor               Guerry               women               were               hired               as               faculty               members               in               the               University.

During               WWII               the               University               allowed               women               professors               to               teach.

One               such               woman               professor               was               Charlotte               Gailor,               who               taught               drawing               (Williamson               213).

In               1947               professor               Gertrude               Van               Zandt               was               the               first               women               professor               at               Sewanee               to               be               appointed               to               a               tenure               track               position               (Williamson               213).

Zandt               became               an               assistant               professor               of               chemistry.

The               University               of               the               South               showed               progressive               actions               with               the               permanent               residence               of               a               female               professor.
               After               World               War               II               in               1948               the               university               enjoyed               a               needed               swell               in               enrollment               due               to               the               G.I               Bill.

So               many               veterans               and               civilians               attended               The               University               of               the               South               that               there               was               a               lack               of               lodging               for               the               students.

In               the               late               1940's               many               of               the               veteran's               wives               lived               in               Sewanee               and               were               allowed               to               attend               class               (Williamson               212).

Though               women               took               courses               at               the               college               they               were               not               "allowed               to               earn               a               degree"               at               the               University               (Williamson               212).

The               University               finally               had               a               sufficient               enrollment               level               in               the               late               1940's               and               early               1950's.
               In               the               1960's               low               enrollment               was               a               complicated               issue               once               again.

There               was               a               decrease               in               applications               to               the               school               in               the               mid-1960's               causing               concern               among               the               faculty.

In               the               1960's               colleges               across               the               nation               were               receiving               more               applications               each               year,               yet               Sewanee's               application               rate               was               steadily               decreasing.

In               1967               Sewanee               received               200               fewer               applications               than               2               years               previous               (Williamson               330).

Faculty               and               administrators               proposed               several               solutions               to               increase               enrollment               and               attract               more               students               to               the               college.

In               May               of               1968               The               University               of               the               South's               college               faculty               voted               to               request               Vice-Chancellor               McCrady               to               create               a               committee               that               would               research               a               "coordinate               women's               college"               on               campus               (Williamson               330).
               The               trustees               of               the               University               created               a               committee               to               research               ways               to               increase               enrollment               by               creating               a               separate               men's               or               women's               college               or               allow               women               to               attend               the               existing               undergraduate               university               (Williamson               330).

To               solve               the               enrollment               issue               the               committee               made               a               motion               at               a               June               meeting               with               the               Vice-Chancellor               in               1968               to               expand               the               "student               body               to               one               thousand"               and               allow               the               admission               of               "qualified               women               students               in               the               fall               of               1969"               (Williamson               331).

The               "resolution"               was               passed               unanimously               and               plans               to               enroll               women               in               The               University               of               the               South               we               decided.

After               the               University               trustees               agreed               to               admit               women               the               Sewanee               News               announced               publicly               in               1968               that               The               University               of               the               South               would               be               a               coeducational               institution               beginning               the               fall               of               1969               (Williamson               331).
               There               had               been               opposition               toward               allowing               women               to               attend               the               University               since               the               turn               of               the               century.

In               1901               when               Bishop               Gailor               and               the               trustees               proposed               to               allow               women               to               receive               graduate               level               degrees,               some               students               opposed               the               idea               fearing               it               would               "destroy"               the               traditions               of               the               University               (Williamson               75).

In               1967               Vice-Chancellor               McCrady               opposed               the               admittance               of               women               to               the               University               in               part               because               he               "feared               perpetual               humiliation               in               athletics"               if               fewer               men               attended               the               college               (Williamson               330).

McCrady               had               a               plan               to               create               a               second               men's               college               once               funds               were               available.

McCrady               strongly               opposed               the               idea               when               faculty               proposed               the               creation               of               a               women's               college               before               the               men's               college.

Vice-Chancellor               McCrady's               plan               to               create               separate               men's               and               women's               institutions               was               quite               similar               to               other               college               presidents.

Unfortunately,               with               the               low               enrollment               rates               and               financial               difficulties               of               the               University               of               the               South               the               realization               a               second               men's               college               was               not               feasible.

Vice-Chancellor               McCrady               believed               that               women               would               only               be               a               part               of               the               University               of               the               South               in               a               separate               but               equal               women's               college               affiliated               with               the               main               men's               colleges.
               In               the               1950's               Vice-Chancellor               McCrady               would               only               agree               to               the               arrival               of               women               if               they               were               part               of               a               separate               college               similar               to               Wiggins               and               Gill's               plan               (Williamson               292).

Time               after               time               the               major               issue               keeping               women               out               of               Sewanee               was               a               lack               of               money               to               create               a               separate               affiliated               college.

Vice-Chancellor               McCrady's               desire               to               build               another               men's               college               was               a               much               greater               priority               to               him               than               creating               a               women's               college.

When               Chancellor               Girault               McArthur               Jones               created               a               nine-person               committee               in               1967               to               research               the               admittance               of               women               to               Sewanee               the               committee               found               that               the               University               faculty               had               "mixed"               opinions               on               the               matter               of               separate               colleges               for               men               and               women               (Williamson               330).

The               University               faculty               was               "overwhelmingly"               in               favor               of               admitting               women               to               The               University               of               the               South.

The               struggle               between               the               Vice-Chancellor               and               faculty               of               the               University               to               become               a               coeducational               school               was               not               uncommon               in               the               late               1960's               in               undergraduate               institutions               in               America               (Miller-Bernal               12).
               Many               colleges               in               the               late               1960's               such               as               Vassar               and               Wells               had               become               coeducational               institutions               by               creating               a               separate               women's               college               (Miller-Bernal               12).

Colleges               created               coeducational               systems               to               "ensure               enrollments"               and               "increase               academic               standards"               (Miller-Bernal               12).

In               1986               researchers               found               that               68               out               of               169               single-sex               liberal               arts               colleges               had               transitioned               to               coeducational               institutions               since               1971               in               part               to               lower               debts,               increase               endowments,               and               increase               enrollment               (Miller-Bernal               12-13).

Private               men's               colleges               that               admitted               women               in               the               late               1960's               mostly               benefited               from               the               shift               to               a               coeducational               institution.

The               coeducational               colleges               had               a               larger               enrollment,               more               scholarships,               "better               student               morale",               and               an               increased               equity               (Miller-Bernal               14).
               In               the               late               1960's               many               universities               were               developing               long               term               plans               and               taking               actions               to               become               coeducational               institutions               due               to               financial               and               social               pressures               (Poulson               500).

Several               universities               saw               great               improvement               to               their               institutions               with               the               presence               of               both               sexes               in               the               same               college.

The               women's               movement               that               was               sweeping               the               nation               only               aided               in               male               universities               going               coed.
               The               collective               trend               to               teach               both               men               and               women               at               the               same               undergraduate               institution               influenced               many               single-sex               colleges               and               universities               to               make               the               switch.

At               Princeton               University               in               1968               the               trustees               decided               to               become               coeducational               in               order               to               "change               with               the               times"               (Miller-Bernal               12).

The               president               of               Fairfield               University               believed               that               the               women               who               first               attended               the               college               when               it               became               coeducational               in               1971               wanted               to               prove               themselves               (Fitzpatrick               1).

At               Fairfield               University               the               women               added               "tremendously               to               the               intellectual               growth               and               social               conscious"               of               the               university               (Fitzpatrick               1).

As               at               many               schools,               Fairfield               University               felt               pressure               to               admit               women               because               of               the               "national               ferment               and               social               change"               and               a               "new               wave               of               feminism"               in               the               late               1960's               (Fitzpatrick               2).

The               change               to               a               coeducational               environment               could               be               a               very               positive               one               for               institutions               of               higher               education.
               Economic               and               social               pressures               forced               colleges               to               find               new               ways               attract               students               and               keep               their               doors               open.

In               the               1950's               single-sex               universities               were               "regarded               as               expressions               of               diversity"               in               undergraduate               education               (Maeroff               1).

Some               single-sex               colleges               wanted               to               provide               young               adults               with               the               option               of               an               environment               absent               of               the               opposite               sex.

Unfortunately,               colleges               in               the               late               1960's               and               1970's               "were               facing               rising               costs               and               a               declining               pool               of               students"               (Poulson               493).

Though               single-sex               universities               took               pride               in               their               educational               history,               allowing               both               sexes               to               matriculate               was               often               the               only               way               they               could               stay               in               business.
               There               were               many               successful               transitions               to               coeducation               in               higher               education.

In               less               than               a               year               Georgetown               University               was               able               to               become               coeducational               due               to               little               opposition               from               faculty,               students,               and               alumni               (Poulson               500).

The               Georgetown               provost               favored               coeducation               because               it               would               aid               the               University's               growing               number               of               "academic               programs"               and               "assimilate"               operating               costs               of               university               buildings               (Poulson               494).

In               1968               the               college's               board               voted               unanimously               to               admit               women               to               the               all               male               College               of               Arts               and               Sciences               (Poulson               500).

Schools               that               became               coeducational               saw               an               increase               in               the               'academic               quality"               of               their               students               (Poulson               494).

Some               colleges               believed               that               the               addition               of               women               in               the               student               body               would               attract               more               male               applicants               (Poulson               494).

Men               sometimes               chose               all-male               colleges               not               because               they               were               all-male               but               because               the               college               had               a               strong               academic               history               or               a               desirable               professional               program.

Georgetown               had               more               male               applicants               when               women               were               admitted               to               the               college               (Poulson               494).

Evidently               Georgetown               improved               its               college               with               the               acceptance               of               women.
               Another               successful               transition               from               a               single-sex               college               atmosphere               to               a               coeducational               one               was               Boston               College.

In               1969               Boston               College               decided               to               become               completely               coeducational               in               all               its               undergraduate               schools.

Boston               College               had               their               first               all               coeducational               class               in               the               fall               class               of               1970               with               little               resistance               from               faculty               and               students               (Poulson               499).

Many               newly               coeducational               universities               merged               campus's               with               former               women's               colleges.

In               1974               Boston               College               expanded               and               absorbed               the               women's               Newton               College               when               Newton               was               facing               financial               bankruptcy               (Poulson               499).

The               merge               benefited               both               institutions               and               aided               in               the               integration               of               men               and               women               into               one               university.
               While               many               undergraduate               programs               had               chosen               to               admit               women               and               men,               several               schools               opposed               the               coeducational               trend.

At               Lincoln               College               male               students               feared               that               the               admittance               of               women               would               create               stricter               social               regulations               (Miller-Bernal               90).

When               women               were               admitted               at               Lincoln               College               in               the               1960's,               women               had               more               regulations               to               protect               them               due               to               their               "relative               defenselessness"               (Miller-Bernal               90).

Lincoln's               view               on               women               was               not               a               progressive               one               for               the               times.

A               new               women's               movement               developed               in               the               late               1960's               resulting               in               many               women               questioning               the               "inequalities"               in               education               (Miller-Bernal               11).

Nationally               "single-sex"               colleges               "seemed               old-fashioned"               as               all               types               of               integration               was               becoming               the               norm               (Miller-Bernal               11).

Some               single               sex               colleges               worried               that               the               new               coeducational               universities               would               be               more               appealing               and               remove               the               number               of               students               in               the               enrollment               (Miller-Bernal               11).
               Older               professors,               alumni,               and               upperclassmen               students               attached               to               certain               college               traditions               exhibited               moderate               to               staunch               opposition               to               the               integration               of               the               sexes               at               male               colleges.

Fairfield               University               had               faculty               and               student               opposition               after               changing               from               an               all               male               to               a               coeducational               institution               in               1971(Fitzpatrick               1).

Some               older               professors               and               most               upperclassmen               males               exhibited               resentment               and               resistance               to               the               presence               of               women               on               campus               but               did               not               formally               protested               the               coed               situation               (Fitzpatrick               1).

Most               male               students               at               Fairfield               University               who               did               not               support               women               on               campus               because               they               had               chosen               the               college               based               on               its               "all-male"               standing               and               disliked               that               they               could               no               longer               act               themselves               in               social               situations               (Fitzpatrick               2).

Universities               had               to               consider               the               implications               of               their               decision               to               become               coeducational               in               regard               to               the               donations               contributed               by               alumni.

Eventually               opposition               subsided               and               women               were               slowly               more               warmly               welcomed               to               Fairfield               University.
               Single-sex               universities               created               a               specific               style               of               education               that               was               fiercely               protected               for               decades               by               certain               groups               within               those               institutions.

The               Dean               of               Columbia               College               in               the               late               1800's,               John               Howard               Van               Amringe,               refused               to               give               into               coeducational               trends               believing               that               "it               would               distract               the               young               men"               with               a               woman               present               in               the               classroom               (Maeroff               2).

Some               men               attended               all               male               colleges               to               avoid               women               as               well               as               focus               on               their               studies.

In               1975               the               president               of               Amherst               College               opposed               coeducation               because               "students               favored               keeping               the               college               all-male"               (Maeroff               2).

Sewanee's               Vice-Chancellor               McCrady               had               similar               reasons               for               not               supporting               the               admittance               of               women               to               the               undergraduate               university.

There               was               a               large               pressure               on               single-sex               universities               to               switch               to               coeducational               institutions               after               the               more               "prestigious               single-sex,               private"               schools               had               admitted               the               opposite               sex               (Maeroff               2).
               In               1968               the               president               and               administrators               of               the               all-male               University               of               Notre               Dame               started               creating               plans               to               merge               with               an               all               female               university               and               become               coeducational               (Poulson               496).

In               the               fall               of               1971,               The               University               of               Notre               Dame               and               Saint               Mary's               College               started               to               negotiate               a               merger.

Notre               Dame's               provost               believed               that               reasons               to               merge               the               male               University               of               Notre               Dame               with               the               all               female               Saint               Mary's               College               were               not               "academic"               but               "political"               and               would               not,               in               the               end,               be               the               most               beneficial               move               for               the               two               colleges               (Poulson               498).

Schools               had               to               research               and               poll               to               find               out               what               would               be               best               for               their               students               based               on               the               school's               specific               situation.

At               Saint               Mary's               College               women               decided               to               boycott               classes               and               Notre               Dame               male               students               were               deeply               "disappointed"               by               the               planned               merge               (Poulson               498).

Due               to               major               disagreements               on               the               government               of               the               proposed               merged               college               the               plans               to               unite               the               colleges               stopped               in               February               of               1972               (Poulson               497).

Notre               Dame               did               admit               women               in               to               the               college               soon               after               the               merger               fell               through.

A               "co-exchange"               program               was               created               as               a               compromise               to               full               coeducation.

In               the               "co-exchange               program               about               one               hundred               women               and               men               students               could               take               classes               that               were               not               offered               at               their               own               institution               (Poulson               493).

The               negotiation               between               male               and               female               colleges               to               merge               was               a               delicate               process               that               took               very               careful               planning               and               support               from               administration,               faculty,               students,               and               alumni.
               Though               Sewanee               would               not               become               coeducational               until               the               late               1960's,               women               were               an               important               part               of               The               University               of               the               South's               history               from               the               early               days.

In               the               late               1890's               women               were               allowed               to               attend               certain               graduate               level               classes               (Williamson).

The               presence               and               importance               of               women               on               The               Domain               slowly               became               more               prominent.

In               1896               the               University               recorded               2               women               students               at               the               Sewanee               Summer               Music               School               (Williamson               75).

The               two               music               students               marked               the               arrival               of               women               on               campus,               though               it               would               take               half               a               century               to               see               a               steady               active               presence               of               women               at               the               all-male               Episcopal               university.

Eleanor               Thomas               audited               a               class               at               Sewanee               in               1901               "on               the               condition               that               she               did               not               talk"               (Williamson               75).

There               was               a               fear               that               women               would               distract               the               male               students               and               a               perspective               that               women               did               not               belong               in               the               classroom.

Later               in               1904,               under               Vice-Chancellor               Wiggins,               4               unnamed               women               graduated               from               the               Sewanee               Training               School               for               Nurses               (Williamson               75).

Though               a               few               women               studied               at               The               University               of               the               South,               the               woman's               names               were               not               always               recorded               and               their               presence               was               not               advertised.

Since               the               University               relied               greatly               on               contributions,               Sewanee               did               not               want               to               lose               funding               from               disapproving               alumni.

The               University               of               the               South               wanted               to               stay               an               Episcopal               southern               men's               college               and               therefore               kept               the               attendance               of               any               women               a               quiet               issue.
               Since               1890               The               University               of               the               South               attempted               to               solve               low               enrollment               problems               with               the               creation               of               a               coeducational               system               (Williamson               75).

As               more               colleges               and               universities               in               America               were               making               the               switch               from               single-sex               colleges               to               coeducational               institutions               Sewanee's               faculty               realized               the               positive               possibility               of               accepting               women               to               the               University               of               the               South.

Sewanee               loosened               its               grip               on               the               strict               all-male               tradition               and               was               part               of               the               national               coeducational               trend               in               1968.
               In               1967,               St.

Mary's               school               for               girls               closed               and               the               University               decided               take               over               operations               of               the               school               (Williamson               331).

St.

Mary's               school               put               a               great               strain               on               the               University               of               the               South.

The               cost               of               running               the               school               was               too               great               so               in               1968               the               University               closed               St.

Mary's               and               allowed               women               to               attend               the               Sewanee               Military               Academy               (Williamson               331).

The               Sewanee               Military               Academy               became               the               integrated               Sewanee               Academy.

The               integration               of               women               into               the               Academy               put               pressure               on               the               undergraduate               University               of               the               South               to               admit               women               as               well.

In               1968               the               American               Association               of               University               Professors               (AAUP)               voted               to               admit               women               to               undergraduate               universities               (Williamson               330).

Sewanee               professors               were               also               in               favor               of               admitting               women               to               increase               enrollment               and               improve               the               finances               of               the               University.

The               college               had               motive,               faculty               and               trustee               support,               and               a               means               to               execute               the               switch               from               an               all-male               institution               to               a               welcoming               coeducational               University               of               the               South.

In               1969               the               first               class               of               both               male               and               female               students               came               to               Sewanee.
               In               September               1969               one               hundred               and               three               women               were               enrolled               at               The               University               of               the               South               (Williamson               331).

Several               of               the               women               were               transfers               students               in               several               class               years.

The               University               employed               a               new               dean,               Elizabeth               Morrow,               to               provide               support               for               women               and               ease               the               transition               from               a               men's               college               to               a               "coeducational"               institution               (Williamson               331).

The               University's               actions               to               welcome               women               students               started               slow               but               picked               up               speed               as               the               college               adjusted.

Sewanee               learned               how               to               change               the               climate               of               the               university               to               integrate               women               yet               still               keep               the               important               traditions               that               define               the               school.
               Though               the               University               of               the               South               welcomed               and               encouraged               women               to               live               on               the               domain,               the               first               women               attending               the               school               encountered               some               difficulties.

Some               males               on               campus               were               very               welcoming               but               women               on               campus               were               known               as               "home               town               honeys"               and               still               brought               other               women               from               off               campus               to               parties               (Barlament).

Women               were               challenged               by               certain               professors               in               classrooms               in               the               beginning               of               coeducation               as               a               way               to               have               the               women               prove               that               they               belonged               at               Sewanee               (Barlament).

As               the               years               progressed               women               surpassed               the               men               academically               and               did               prove               that               they               were               contributing               members               of               the               community               (Barlament).
               The               women               who               attended               the               University               of               the               South               made               their               mark               by               founding               several               clubs               and               organizations.

The               women               of               Sewanee               created               the               Pink               and               White               Ribbon               Societies               in               the               1970's               as               a               social               community               oriented               organization               (Williamson               245).

The               ribbon               societies               gave               women               the               opportunity               to               be               a               part               of               a               club.

After               the               arrival               of               sororities               on               campus,               though,               the               ribbon               societies               became               less               important               (Williamson               245).

Sororities               became               the               social               center               of               many               women's               lives.

The               class               dress               code               of               "coat               and               tie               or               dress"               was               bent               in               the               winter,               allowing               women               to               wear               pants               when               there               was               "inclement               weather"               (Williamson               320).

The               policy               of               class               dress               was               encouraged               for               both               men               and               women.
               The               University               of               the               South               had               several               ideas               concerning               the               residence               of               women               on               campus.

In               1970               an               open               dorm,               coed,               policy               for               the               university               was               proposed               but               refused               by               the               administration               (Williamson               325).

Though               the               integration               of               women               into               Sewanee               was               successful,               Vice-Chancellor               McCrady               continued               to               separate               women               in               some               ways               from               the               main               campus.

McCrady               planned               to               lodge               women               in               Phillips               Hall               and               soon               create               a               separate               women's               college               near               Morgan's               Steep               (Williamson               331).

This               plan               was               not               realized               due               to               a               lack               of               funds.

The               University               placed               the               new               enrolled               women,               instead,               in               Benedict               Hall               (Williamson               331).

One               woman               student               stated               that               Benedict               was               "like               a               big               sorority"               (Barlament).

Though               the               University               tried               to               keep               the               men               separate               from               women               "guys               were               caught               climbing               over               wrought-iron               gates"               to               get               into               the               female               dorm               (Barlament).

As               the               University               acquired               funds               several               more               dorms               were               built               to               house               the               larger               student               population               including               Johnson               Hall               and               Cleveland               Hall.

The               University               had               to               review               each               aspect               of               the               school               in               order               to               fully               include               the               women               on               the               campus.
               The               University               of               the               South               continued               to               make               changes               as               they               transitioned               from               an               all-male               university               to               a               coeducational               university.

Two               years               after               the               women               were               admitted               to               the               University               16%               of               the               students               were               female               (Williamson               331).

The               number               of               women               attending               Sewanee               continued               to               increase               and               in               1981               43%               of               the               student               body               was               female               (Williamson               331).

In               the               past               10               years               female               graduates               have               outnumbered               male               graduates               (Barlament).

There               are               also               now               many               more               female               faculty               than               the               1960's,               6o               women               teach               the               students.

After               women               were               admitted               to               the               university               enrollment               rates               did               increase.

The               goal               to               attract               a               larger               number               of               students               to               the               college               was               a               success.

Though               the               University               of               the               South               had               more               bodies               and               more               tuition               money               from               students               many               improvements               and               changes               to               the               University               were               made               to               serve               to               both               sexes               on               campus.

Sewanee               followed               the               national               trend               of               single-sex               institutions               to               shirt               to               a               coeducational               learning               environment.

Sewanee               had               a               relatively               successful               shift               to               a               coeducational               institution               with               the               help               of               faculty               support.

The               oppositions               to               the               change               were               quelled               and               overcome               as               time               passed               and               the               strong               traditions               of               the               college               became               instilled               in               the               women               that               attended.
               Works               Cited               
               1.Barlament,               Laura.

"Sewanee               Women:               The               Next               Generation."               Sewanee               Magazine.

Winter               2006.


               2.Fitzpatrick,               Jackie.

"Coeducation               at               Fairfield,               20               years               later."               New               York               Times               16               June               1996:               1-3.


               3.Leslie               Miller-Bernal               and               Susan               L.

Poulson               (Eds.).

Going               Coed:               Women's               Experiences               in               Formerly               Men's               Colleges               and               Universities,               1950-2000.

Nashville,               TN:               Vanderbilt               University               Press,               2004.


               4.Maeroff,               Gene,               I..

"Education;               the               all-male               college               vanishing."               The               New               York               Times               21               August               1984:               1-2.


               5.Poulson,               Susan               L.,               and               Loretta               P.

Higgins.

"Gender,               Coeducation,               and               the               Transformation               of               Catholic               Identity               in               American               Catholic               Higher               Education               ."               The               Catholic               Historical               Review               89.3(2003):               489-510.


               6.Williamson,               Samuel               R.,               Annie               Armour,               Gerald               L.

Smith,               Henry               Nutt,               Jr               Parsley,               and               Jon               Meacham.

Sewanee               Sesquicentennial               History:               The               Making               of               the               University               of               the               South.

Sewanee               sesquicentennial               history               project.

Sewanee,               Tenn:               The               University               of               the               South,               2008.


               7.Willis,               Mrs.

John               C.

Personal               interview.

3               December.

2008.






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    1. robertmcarthur.wordpress.com/   05/20/2011
      Old Masonic Lodge, Georgetown, Texas Early yesterday morning, I, along with four others from Plein Air Austin, met...
    2. antoniusradiocomix.blogspot.com/   11/15/2010
      ...shirt factory fire, AFL CIO, electricians, masons, elks, moose lodge, international brother hood local 1145, union thuggish, Eddie kiss me goodnight Shultz, who...
    3. shine.yahoo.com/blogs/author/ycn-1240751/   07/11/2010
      ...Georgetown TX Motels - Discount , Hotels, Motels and Lodging in Georgetown, Texas including Georgetown attractions and travel information...
    4. shine.yahoo.com/blogs/author/ycn-1240411/   07/12/2010
      ... Related hotels georgetown guyana: CARA LODGE HOTEL Hotel - Georgetown - Guyana - With...environment, Herdmanston Lodge is the , Georgetown, Guyana Vacations, Tourism...
    5. scandalousbeauty.blogspot.com/   07/04/2012
      ...Penang is located in the heart of the capital city of Georgetown; Sunway Hotel Georgetown Penang is a stylishly selected lodging that offers suitable access to enlightening and corporate sites...
    6. midbeaconhill.blogspot.com/   05/02/2007
      ...: * Respect the Spirits of Comet Lodge Cemetery (8/22/08) * Daffodils in Comet Lodge Cemetery (3/22/08) * Blurry Photos of Georgetown Haunted Tour (11/28/07)
    7. streetsofwashington.blogspot.com/   02/28/2010
      ... to meet people, do business, and obtain lodging was more than likely to be a tavern house, and Georgetown’s most famous tavern, where everybody went, ...
    8. guyaneseonline.wordpress.com/   04/12/2012
      ...a dead man on his cycle from Vreeden Hoop to Georgetown. He made it appeared as if the man...and lived around John and Durban Street Lodge. He had an infectious laugh, which...
    9. dennisdonna.blogspot.com/   03/05/2012
      ...business district evolved..Today, the Georgetown downtown historic area is one of the...explain that McGyver and I seek out either Moose Lodges (of which we are members...
    10. midbeaconhill.blogspot.com/   10/28/2007
      ...Georgetown Funeral Home. The bodies of many of Georgetown's residents spent their last... transported to the Comet Lodge Cemetery. Rumor has it that ...
    11. Georgetown Lodging - Blog Homepage Results

      ...Restart. I am not one to complain a lot, but its time I lodge a complaint about the changing nature of the...seat 7E on Caribbean Airlines on my way to Georgetown Guyana from…



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